Grappling (Katame-Waza)

Grappling or ground-work techniques in ju-jitsu are divided into three main categories; osae-komi-waza (pinning techniques), shime-waza (choking & strangulation techniques) and kansetsu-waza (joint locking techniques).

Osae-Komi-Waza

Osae-komi-waza (pinning techniques) are used to 'pin' your opponent on their back.  In competition, points are usually scored for maintaining osae-komi for a certain duration.  In reality, when combined with other techniques, osae-komi can be used to totally immobilise an attacker.

Shime-Waza

Shime-waza (choking & strangulation techniques) are sub-divided into two types - chokes and strangles.  Chokes restrict the airway and suffocate your opponent, whereas strangles restrict the blood flow to and from the brain, causing your opponent to pass out.  A handful of techniques combine both choking and strangulation elements.

Kansetsu-Waza

Kansetsu-waza (joint locking techniques) are used to gain a submission from your opponent (in competition) by applying controlled pressure to a joint in the limbs.  In reality, they can be used to control, subdue or disarm an attacker.